How To Compress And Extract Files In Linux | Tar, Gzip, Gunzip Commands

In this article in the Linux Lexicon series, we shall discover how to compress and extract files in Linux. We will be focusing upon the tar, gzip, and gunzip commands along with their associated options. These commands have simple syntax to make the task easier.

While there are special software designed for the compressing and extracting files in Linux, but there is no need to bother yourself with the tardy process of finding, choosing and installing one because everything can be done through the Terminal itself. Let’s find out how:

Compressing and extracting files in Linux:

Tar Command

The tar command is primarily used to bundle the required files or directories into an archive. Depending on the option used we can also use the tar command to extract or list the contents of a tar archive. The syntax for using the tar command for archiving and compressing files is as follows:

1	tar [-] c|x|t f tarfile [pattern]

Some of the most common options used along with the tar command are as follows:

c – Create a tar archive
x – Extract files from the archive
t – Display the table of contents (list)
v – Be verbose
z – Use compression
f – Used to specify the file to use

Now before all of this goes over your head, let me explain it with the help of an example. Suppose I have a directory named “Archive&Compress” whose tar archive I wish to create, here is how it can be done:

In order to create the archive in Linux and use compression, we use the ‘c‘ option and use the ‘f‘ option to specify the file. When the archive “ac.tar” in our example has been created, we can use the ‘t‘ option to list the contents starting with the name of the directory and the files included within the directory.

Now I will teach you how to extract the content of the archived file. Suppose I wish to extract the contents of the tar archive to my desktop, here is how I will proceed:

You will notice that we used the ‘x‘ option for extracting the contents. Now in case you want a verbose listing of what the extract operation is doing, then you can use the ‘v‘ option, like this:

Gzip and Gunzip Command

The next part of our tutorial on how to archive and compress files in Linux focuses on compressing files. In order to compress files and save memory space, we use the gzip command. In order to uncompress the files, we use the gunzip command. The format for using the commands is:

1	gzip/gunzip filename

Consider the following example, suppose I wish to compress a file named “impress2”, then I will proceed as follows:

Now in order to uncompress it, I will use the gunzip command, which works in the following manner:

Note: The du command has been used to find out the estimated space used by each file

You can also check out the complete Linux command reference. Happy learning.

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